نقش اکولوژیکی شورگز در پویایی ویژگی‌های خاک مناطق فراخشک خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

3 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات جنگل،موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، ایران

4 استادیاربخش تحقیقات جنگل،موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، ایران

‎10.22052/deej.2025.257289.1115

چکیده

حضور گونه‌های درختچه‌ای در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک می‌تواند نقش مهمی در بهبود کیفیت خاک و پایداری بوم‌سازگان ایفا نماید. در این پژوهش، به‌منظور بررسی اثر درختچه شورگز (Tamarix sp.) بر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و بیولوژیک خاک، نمونه‌برداری از دو تیمار پای تاج شورگز و شاهد در منطقۀ شادگان استان خوزستان انجام شد (هر تیمار با 5 تکرار). برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی (شوری، سدیم، پتاسیم، فسفر، کلسیم، منیزیم، آهن، منگنز و کربن آلی) و شاخص‌های بیولوژیک (تنفس پایه، تنفس برانگیخته، بایومس میکروبی کربن و پتانسیل نیتریفیکاسیون) اندازه‌گیری و داده‌ها با آزمون‌های آماری دو‌نمونه‌ای تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کربن آلی در خاک پای شورگز به‌طور معناداری بیشتر از شاهد بود (45/0% در برابر 28/0%؛ Δ=0.17؛ %95 CI: 0.02–0.32؛ (p<0.05) و این اختلاف پس از تصحیح معناداری به روش‌های بونفرونی و FDR نیز پایدار ماند. همچنین بایومس میکروبی کربن و پتانسیل نیتریفیکاسیون در پای شورگز به‌ترتیب حدود 25% و 30% بیشتر از شاهد برآورد شدند (p<0.05) و این نتایج نیز بعد از تصحیح چندگانه، معنادار باقی ماندند. درمقابل، برای شاخص تنفس برانگیخته و غلظت عناصر سدیم و کلر، اگرچه اندازۀ اثر، متوسط تا بزرگ بود، اختلاف‌ها پس از اعمال تصحیح چندگانه، معنادار نشدند. به‌طور کلی، این نتایج نشان داد که تاج‌پوشش شورگز ازطریق افزایش مادۀ آلی و ارتقای فعالیت‌های میکروبی، کیفیت زیستی خاک را بهبود می‌دهد. پایایی معناداری برخی شاخص‌ها حتی پس از تصحیح چندگانه، اهمیت بوم‌شناختی شورگز را به‌عنوان گونه‌ای بومی و سازگار در مدیریت سرزمین‌های شور و خشک خوزستان تأیید می‌کند؛ هرچند برای شاخص‌های غیرمعنادار نیاز به تحقیقات تکمیلی وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The ecological role of Tamarix in the dynamics of soil properties in the hyper-arid regions of Khuzestan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Banafsheh Yasrebi 1
  • Abolfazl Azadi 2
  • Mohammad Matinizadeh 3
  • Sayed Mussa Sadeghi 4
1 Natural Resources Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),
2 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
3 Associate Professor, Forest Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Forest Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Tamarix spp. are halophytic, drought-tolerant shrubs that have either naturally expanded or been introduced through planting across many arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, including Khuzestan province. Owing to unique morphological and physiological traits—such as salt secretion via foliar glands, deep root systems, and the production of salt-rich litter—these shrubs significantly influence the chemical, biological, and physical properties of soil. Although sometimes considered invasive, their potential to improve degraded saline soils is generating growing ecological interest.
 
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of Tamarix shrubs on key soil chemical and biological properties in a hyper-arid region of southwestern Iran. Specifically, it compares soil from beneath the Tamarix canopy with soil from adjacent, unvegetated control areas to assess the shrub's role in soil nutrient enrichment and the stimulation of microbial activity.
 
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Shadgan wetland area, located in southern Khuzestan province, Iran. The region has a hyper-arid climate, characterized by high temperatures, low annual rainfall (~150–200 mm), and high evapotranspiration (>2500 mm/year). Soil samples were collected from the 0–15 cm surface layer at two locations: beneath Tamarix canopies and from adjacent unvegetated control plots. Standard laboratory protocols were used to analyze chemical properties—including pH, EC, organic carbon (OC), available phosphorus (P), and exchangeable cations (K, Na, Mg, Ca)—and biological indices, such as basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and nitrification potential. An independent-samples t-test was used to statistically compare the two treatments.
 
Results Soil organic carbon content was significantly higher under Tamarix canopies than in control plots (0.45% vs. 0.28%; Δ = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.02–0.32, *p* < 0.05), a difference that remained significant following multiple comparison corrections. This enrichment was associated with enhanced microbial activity; microbial biomass carbon and nitrification potential were approximately 25% and 30% greater under the shrubs, respectively (*p* < 0.05). In contrast, while moderate to large effect sizes were observed for substrate-induced respiration and sodium and chloride concentrations, these differences were not statistically significant after multiple comparison correction. Collectively, these findings indicate that Tamarix shrubs enhance soil biological quality by increasing organic matter input and stimulating microbial processes.
Conclusion:  The persistence of significant effects for key soil indicators after rigorous statistical correction underscores the ecological importance of Tamarix in rehabilitating saline, arid lands in Khuzestan. While the non-significant results for other indicators warrant further investigation, this study provides scientific evidence to support the inclusion of this native shrub in sustainable soil management and restoration strategies for dryland ecosystems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tamarix Spp
  • Soil Salinity
  • Hyper-Arid Ecosystems
  • Soil Nutrients
  • Microbial Biomass Carbon
  • Nitrification
  • Rhizosphere Effects
  • Khuzestan

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مهندسی اکوسیستم بیابان
دوره 14، شماره 47
مهر 1404
صفحه 45-56

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