اندازه‌گیری تغییرات تنوع گونه‌ای در طول گرادیان شوری (مطالعۀ موردی: مراتع اینچه‌برون)

نویسندگان

دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

شوری یکی از پارامتر‌های محیطی است که تأثیر آن بر تنوع گونه‌ای، نیاز به مطالعۀ بیشتری دارد. در تحقیق حاضر، تغییر تنوع گیاهی تحت‌تأثیر تغییر شوری ناشی از تغییر ارتفاع و نزدیکی به سطح ایستابی در دشت اینچه‌برون در شمال شهرستان آق‌قلا (استان گلستان) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. به‌دلیل تغییر شوری ناشی از تغییر توپوگرافی در طول دشت اینچه‌برون، نمونه‌برداری و ثبت اطلاعات پوشش گیاهی در منطقۀ مورد مطالعه، با استقرار ترانسکت نواری حدود 1000 متری در امتداد یکی از تپه‌های منطقه اینچه‌برون انجام شد. در طول ترانسکت‌ در فواصل 100 متری، اقدام به استقرار واحدهای نمونه‌برداری (پلات) 3×3 متر شد. در داخل هر واحد نمونه‌برداری، لیست گونه‌ها و سطح تاج‌پوشش هر گونه، در جهت شیب غالب، برآورد شد. با استفاده از نرم‌افزار PAST شاخص‌های تنوع شانون- واینر و سیمپسون محاسبه شد. عدد تنوع بتا بین واحدهای نمونه‌برداری در طول گرادیان شوری با استفاده از شاخص ویتاکر محاسبه شد. رابطۀ بین تغییرات شوری بین واحدهای نمونه‌برداری در طول گرادیان ارتفاعی و تنوع آلفا، سیمپسون و بتا با استفاده از رگرسیون خطی ساده مطالعه شد. نتایج نشان داد بین ارتفاع، میزان شوری خاک و هر دو شاخص تنوع گیاهی، رابطۀ معنی‌دار وجود دارد. با کاهش ارتفاع، میزان شوری خاک افزایش می‌یابد و با افزایش شوری خاک، تنوع زیستی کاهش می‌یابد. این تغییرات درنتیجۀ افزایش شوری صورت می‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing changes in plant species diversity along the salinity gradient (Case study: Incheh Borun rangelands)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefeh Salami
  • Adel Sepehry
  • Mousa Akbarlou
چکیده [English]

Salinity is one of the environmental parameters that its impact on plant species diversity requires further studies. In this research, change of plant diversity was studied along a salinity gradient that was resulted from proximity of water table to the land surface in Incheh Borun plain due to the altitudinal change in northern part of Aq-Qala city. A transect with the length of 1 km was laid out along one of the hills in the region. Sampling units (plots) with the size of 3×3 m were established at 100 meters intervals along the transect. A floristic list was compiled and plants canopy cover was estimated in each sampling unit in the direction of dominant altitudinal gradient. Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indexes were calculated by using of PAST software. β-diversity was calculated between the sampling units using the Whittaker index. The relationship of salinity changes between sampling units along the altitudinal gradient and Alfa diversity, Simpson and β-diversity was studied using the linear regression. Results showed that there are significant relationships between the altitude, soil salinity and plant diversity indices. Soil salinity increases by decrease of altitude and the biodiversity decreases by increasing of soil salinity. These changes occur due to increasing of salinity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • β-diversity
  • Incheh Borun rangelands
  • Salinity Stress
  • Shannon diversity index
  • species composition
  • topography

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مهندسی اکوسیستم بیابان
دوره 5، شماره 13
اسفند 1395
صفحه 13-24

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