ارزیابی اثر عوامل مختلف بر جوانه‌زنی و رشد گونه اسپرسی همدانی Hedysarum criniferum Boiss. تحت شرایط گلخانه و رویشگاه در مناطق نیمه خشک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه صنعتی

‎10.22052/deej.2022.113658

چکیده

بررسی و شناسایی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر جوانه­زنی و رشد گونه­های با ارزش در اکوسیستم­های مرتعی، در برنامه­های مدیریت، اصلاح و احیای مراتع ضروری است. در مطالعه حاضر تاثیر دوره آبیاری، شوری آب و درصد رس خاک بر جوانه­زنی بذر و طول نهال­های جوانه­زده گونه در معرض خطر اسپرسی همدانی Hedysarum criniferum به عنوان یکی از گونه­های بومی و خوشخوراک مراتع ایران بررسی شد. از اینرو آزمایشی بر پایه فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه فاکتور دوره آبیاری در سه سطح 7، 10 و 14 روزه، شوری آب در سه سطح کمتر از 1، 1-2 و 2-4 دسی زیمنس بر متر و تغییرات رس در سه سطح 0، 10 و 20 درصد و سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه­ای انجام شد. به منظور بررسی عولمل موثر بر پارامترهای گیاهی گونه فوق از روش GLM استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که از بین سه تیمار فوق تنها تیمار دوره آبیاری بر طول نهال­های جوانه­زده و درصد جوانه­زنی گونه اسپرسی همدانی تاثیر معنی­داری داشتند (%5 = α)، به طوریکه بر اساس مقایسه میانگین شاخص­ها بیشترین درصد جوانه­زنی و ارتفاع نهال­های جوانه­زده در دوره آبیاری 7 روزه مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد در شرایط رویشگاه ارتفاع و جوانه زنی گونه نسبت به بارندگی و EC به ترتیب افزایش و کاهشی بود در حالیکه نسبت به رس تا رس 25% کاهشی و بعد از آن افزایشی بود. و با توجه به واکنش جوانه­زنی و طول نهال­های جوانه زده اسپرسی همدانی نسبت به آبیاری می­توان اظهار داشت که در شرایطی که بارندگی کافی نیست، پیش­بینی انجام آبیاری  بر رشد بذور و زنده­مانی گونه اسپرسی همدانی در پروژه های بذرکاری این گونه تاثیر بسزایی دارد و یا بایستی در زمانی بذرکاری انجام گیرد که احتمال بارندگی پس از کاشت بالا باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An assessment of the effect of different factors on the germination and growth of Hedysarum criniferum Boiss. in greenhouse conditions and natural habitat in semi-arid regions

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Despite grazing in pastures, animals are fed on such sources as manual forage, farm straw, and so on. Therefore, rangelands are influenced by overgrazing and forage shortage for various socioeconomic reasons, resulting in their degradation. On the other hand, excessive exploitation of rangelands and their land-use change are blamed for the expansion of invasive species as they change the species composition of the rangelands, influence their ecosystem functions and services, and destroy ecosystems at the global level. In this respect, when invaluable species are grazed, it is recommended to cultivate perennial, high-yielding, and palatable species in pastures to restore their production capacity, reduce the competitiveness of invasive species, and increase vegetation cover quantity and quality. The investigation and identification of the factors influencing the germination and growth of invaluable species in rangeland ecosystems is a necessary step for the rangeland management, modification, and restoration programs.
Materials and Methods: The present study explored the effect of irrigation interval, water salinity, and soil clay content on the seed germination and germinated seedling height of the endangered species Hedyasrum criniferum as an indigenous and palatable species in Iran’s rangelands under greenhouse conditions and in natural habitats. The study was, therefore, conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three factors including irrigation interval at three levels of 7, 10, and 14 days, water salinity at three levels of <1, 1-2, and 2-4 dS m-1, and clay variations at three levels of 0, 10, and 20% in greenhouse conditions with three replications. The GLM method was employed to study the factors influencing the plant parameters of the studied species.
Results: The results showed that only the treatment of irrigation interval influenced germinated seedling height and germination percentage of H. criniferum significantly (α = 5%) so that, based on the comparison of means, the highest germination percentage and germinated seedling height were observed in plants irrigated every seven days. According to the species response curves, the species height had an ascending trend in response to the precipitation whereas its relationship with salinity was negative. Regarding clay, the species height was decreased as the clay content was increased up to 25% beyond which the height started to increase.
The species response curve in terms of germination percentage showed an increase in this parameter with the increase in precipitation while it declined at higher salinity levels. However, its response to clay was similar to that of the species height so that germination was decreased as the clay content was increased up to 25%.
Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results, irrigation interval is more important than the other two treatments. The tolerance level of germination and seedling growth was found to be at the irrigation interval of 14 days, the salinity level of 4 dS m-1, and the clay content of 20%. Reducing irrigation interval can contribute to root growth and moisture retention at the 0-4 cm soil profile, which can facilitate root growth and thereby increase photosynthesis. Higher irrigation intervals disrupt photosynthesis due to the deficiency of soil moisture. This reduces photosynthate synthesis for mobilization to growth parts of the plants, resulting in the loss of plant height. On the other hand, it was revealed that in the natural habitat, the likelihood of the species presence was increased with the increase in precipitation up to 650 mm. The precipitation range of the habitats of this species shows that H. criniferum can be present in different climatic regions, including arid, semi-arid, and semi-humid regions. Therefore, with the increase in precipitation from arid to semi-arid and finally, semi-humid regions, the species is more likely to be present. The optimal precipitation rate for this species indicates that it prefers semi-humid climates.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rangeland species
  • seedling length
  • germination percentage
  • rangeland restoration
  • irrigation interval
  1. Alizadeh, M.A. and Nasiri, M., 2012. Seed Technology Appearance with Emphasis on Natural Resources Plants, Publications of Seed and Plant Registration and Certification Research Institute, 197 pp.
  2. Asadi Asadabad, O., Matinkhah, S. H., Jafari, Z. and Karim Mojeni, H., 2021. Evaluation of Different Irrigation Methods of Hedysarum criniferum Boiss. Under Field Conditions. JWSS, 25 (1):179-189.
  3. Baker, C.J., 2006. Drilling into dry soil. PP. 74-84. in: Eds. Baker, C.J., K.E. Saxton, W.R. Ritchie, W.C.T. Chamen, D.C. Reicosky, M.F.S. Ribeiro, S.E. Justice, and P.R. Hobbs. No-tillage seeding in conservation agriculture.F.A.O. and CAB International. Rome.
  4. Bavarsadi, M., Medhaj, A. and Majdam, M., 2017. bInvestigation the effect of salinity tension on germination, seedling growth and ionic content of alfalfa genotypes (Medicago sativa L.). Crop Physiology Journal, 9(35): 121-136.
  5. Behtari, B., Jafarian, Z. and Alikhani, H., 2019. Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in response to land management in semi-arid rangelands of Iran. CATENA, 179: 210–219. 
  6. Bijeh Keshavarzi, M.H. and Mousavi Nik, M., 2014. Study of the effect of different salinity osmotic potentials on germination and early growth of spinach seedlings. Journal of plant production science, 5(1): 1-5.
  7. Borhani, M. and Hajehforoshnia, S., 2022. The effect of moisture absorption plates on the growth of Haloxilon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge ex Fenzl species in saline playa (Case study: Fesaran, Isfahan). Desert Mangament, 9 (4): 79-90
  8. Choi, B.H. and Ohashi, H., 2003. Generic criteria and an infrageneric system for Hedysarum and related genera (Papilionoideae-Leguminosae). — Taxon, 52: 567–576.
  9. Davis, M.A., 2013. Invasive Plants and Animal Species: Threats to Ecosystem Services. Climate Vulnerability: Understanding and Addressing Threats to Essential Resources, 51-59.
  10. De Rossi, S., Di Marco, G., Bruno, L., Gismondi, A. and Canini, A., 2021. Investigating the Drought and Salinity Effect on the Redox Components of Sulla coronaria(L.) Medik. Antioxidants10, 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071048.
  11. DiTomaso, J. M., Masters, R. A. and Peterson, V. F., 2010. Rangeland Invasive Plant Management. Rangelands, 32(1): 43–47.
  12. Eftekhari, A. and Khaliphazadeh, R., 2018. The importance of Rangelands in environmental aspects, water production and proper management method. The 7th National Conference on Pasture and Pasture Management of Iran, 8-9 May.
  13. Esfandyari, M., Hakimi, M.H. and Hakimzadeh Ardakani, M.A., 2017. Effects of soil texture and planting depth on germination and survival of Nepeta asterotricha. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 9(1): 1-10.
  14. Fajri, A., 2005. Effect of Irrigation on Yield and Green Growth Period in Nine Range Plants inUrmia. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 58 (2): 471-480
  15. Fedchenko, B. A., 1948. Hedysarum L. in Komarov, V. L., Shishkin, B. K. & Bobrov, E. G. (eds.) Flora URSS, 13: 259–379.
  16. Ghasemi Shiri, F., Matinkhah, H., Torkesh, M. and Shamshiri, F., 2017, Soil Parameters in Hamedani Espresso Natural Habitats, The First International Conference on the Silk Road Geographic Information System, Isfahan.
  17. Goksoy, A.T., Demir, A.O., Turan, Z.M. and Dagustu, N., 2004. Responses of sunflower to full and limited irrigation at different growth stages. Filed Crops Res, 87: 167-178.
  18. Hadas, A., 2004. Seedbed preparation. PP. 33 – 44. in: Eds. Benech, R.L. Arnold, R. and A. Sanchez. The soil physical environment of germinating seeds. In Handbook of seed physiology: applications to agriculture.
  19. Hasti, T. and R. Tibshirani. 1986. Generalized additive models. Statistical Science 1(3): 297-310.
  20. Hayati, J., Matinkhah, H., Bashari, H., Tarkesh Esfahani, M. and Karimzadeh, H.M., 2022. Predicting habitat suitability for the endangered species Hedysarum criniferum using a fuzzy model in the semi-arid zone in Iran. Arid Land Research and Management, 36(3): 344-369.
  21. Jafari, A.A., 2019. Challenges of seed production for cultivation of rangeland species in Iran. 7th National Conference on Rangeland and Rangeland Management of Iran, May: 18-19.
  22. Keshavarz, A., 2012. The effect of different salinity treatments on seed germination traits, some physiological parameters of seedlings and forage quality. Hedysarum coronarium L and .H. criniferum Boiss Master Thesis. Tarbiat Modares University - Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences.
  23. Lv, G., Kang, Y., Li, L. and Wan, S., 2010. Effect of irrigation methods on root development and profile soil water uptake in winter wheat. Irrig Sci, 28:387–398
  24. Man, J., Shi, Y., Yu, Z. and Zhang, Y., 2015. Dry matter production, photosynthesis of fag leaves and wate use in winter wheat are affected by supplemental irrigation in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. PLoS ONE, 10:1–18.
  25. Mohammadghasemi, F., Matinkhah, H. and Shahbazi, A., 2016. Effects of Hedysarum criniferum Boiss. as a Plant Symbiotic With Nitrogen Fixers on Some Chemical Properties of the Soil. Journal of Soil and Water Science, 26(2): 129-140.
  26. Manafian M., 2011. Investigating the condition of grazing tolerance and regrowth in four fodder species, Cirinigrum Hedysarum, Astragalus effuses, Cyclophyllon Astragalus and Bromus tomentellus in a simulated grazing. Master's thesis, Shahrekord University.
  27. Nath, T.N. 2014., soil texture and total organic matter content and its influences on soil water holding capacity of some selected the growing soils in sivasagar district of assam, India. J. Chem. Sci, 12(4): 1419-1429.
  28. Neegyesi, G., Szabó, S., Buró, B., Mohammed, S., Lóki, J., Rajkai, K. and Holb, I.J., 2021. Influence of Soil Moisture and Crust Formation on Soil Evaporation Rate: A Wind Tunnel Experiment in Hungary. Agronomy, 11: 935.
  29. Philip, A., Megan, F. and chultz, J., 2009. Germination, survival, and growth of grass and forb seedlings: Effects of soil moisture variability, 35(5), 0–684
  30. Shahbazi, A., matin khah, H., Bashari, H. and Tarkesh esfahani, M., Forage quality of Astragalus cyclophyllon G.Beek and Hedysarum criniferum Boiss in Chadegan region of Isfahan.  IRANIAN JOURNAL OF RANGE AND DESERT RESEARCH, 23(4): 823-831.
  31. Shahbazi, A., Matin Khah, S.H., Bashari H. and Tarkesh Esfahani, M. 2016. valuation of Germination Characteristics for Hedysarum Criniferum Boiss in Alternative Temperature and Drought Stress Conditions. Ijae, 5 (15) :27-37.
  32. Shiyab, S. 2011. Effects of NaCl application to hydroponic nutrient solution on macro and micro elements and protein content of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum ). Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 9: 350-356.
  33. Souza, G.M., Cardoso, J.M. and Goncalves, A.N., 2004. Proline content and protein patterns in Eucalyptus grandis shoot submitted too high and low temperature shoks. Brazil. Archives. Biolo. Techno, 47 (3), 355-362.
  34. Tester, M. and Morris, C. 1987. The penetration of light through soil. Plant Cell Environ, 10: 281–286.
  35. Xue, J., Wang, X., Du, X., Mao, P., Zhang, T., Zhao, L. and Han, J., 2012. Influence of salinity and temperature on the germination of Hedysarum scoparium Fisch. et Mey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(14): 3244-3249.
  36. Yibing, Q., 2008. Impact of habitat heterogeneity on plant community pattern in Gurbantunggut Desert. Geographical science, 14(4): 447-455pp.
  37. Zare Chahouki, M.A., L. Khalasi Ahvazi and H. Azarnivand, 2010. Environmental factors affecting distribution of vegetation communities in Iranian Rangelands. Vegetos, 23 (2): 1-15.
  38. Zhang, Q.B., Liu J.Y., Yu, L., Lu, W.H. and Ma, C.H., 2020. Effects of irrigation on growth traits, nutritional quality and seed characteristics of Medicago falcataRomanica in an oasis. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 23(2): 391-398.