ارزیابی ظرفیت مراتع در تنوع‌بخشی منابع درآمدی (مطالعۀ موردی: مراتع چشمه‌خان، جاجرم)

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 گروه مرتع، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

10.22052/deej.2021.10.32.59

چکیده

نگاه تک‌بعدی به اکوسیستم‌های مرتعی از منظر تولید علوفه، سبب تخریب عرصه‌ها و کاهش توان مراتع برای تولید علوفه شده است. رویکرد متنوع‌سازی فعالیت‌های اقتصادی، راهکار مناسبی در راستای کاهش اثرات منفی استفادۀ تک‌منظوره از مراتع است. تحقیق حاضر، در مراتع چشمه‌خان از توابع استان خراسان شمالی انجام شده است. در این تحقیق، ضمن تعیین شایستگی مرتع برای استفادۀ چندمنظوره با استفاده از دستورالعمل پیشنهادی ارزانی، برای بهره‌برداران نماینده نیز ترکیب بهینۀ منابع درآمدی با استفاده از مدل برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی خطی تعیین شده است. نتایج شایستگی برای چرای دام نشان داد که 7/44% از سطح منطقه دارای شایستگی متوسط، 66/43% دارای شایستگی کم، از نظر شایستگی برای زنبورداری 23/14% از سطح منطقه دارای شایستگی خوب، 38/49% دارای شایستگی متوسط و 84/24% دارای شایستگی کم و از نظر شایستگی برای برداشت گیاهان دارویی نیز 22/7% از سطح منطقه دارای شایستگی خوب برای برداشت گیاهان دارویی، 62/71% دارای شایستگی متوسط، 6/9% دارای شایستگی کم هستند. نتایج تعیین الگوی بهینۀ منابع درآمدی نشان داد که بازدهی الگوهای بهینه نسبت به الگوی فعلی برای بهره‌برداران نماینده به‌ترتیب 6/12%، 8/9%، 71/11% و 25/30% افزایش نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Rangeland Potentials for Income Diversification: A Case Study of Cheshmeh Khan Rangeland, Jajarm

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ladan Asgharnezhad 1
  • Ghodratullah Heydari 1
  • Hossein Barani 2
  • Esmaeil Sheiday Karkaj 3
  • Ali Hosseini Yekani 1
1
2
3
چکیده [English]

Introduction: In recent decades, considering merely the fodder production in dealing with rangeland ecosystems has led to the destruction of fields and reduced rangeland capacity for direct usages such as forage production. Therefore, proper and stable utilization of rangelands with the aim of improving the rancher's quality of life and stability in such kind of exploitation are among the major goals of Iran's social and economic development programs. Most development scholars have proposed the application of a diversification approach to economic activities within the framework of a stable development model to reduce the negative effects of mono-functional use of rangelands, considering the fact that this approach guarantees rangelands and economic stability of gainers, as the diversity of subsistence can be a replacement for unfavorable living conditions and poverty in such areas.

Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in Cheshmekhan rangelands in Jajarm city in North Khorasan province. In this study, the beneficiaries were interviewed to check the capacity of the income sources, and those sources that were capable to be applied in the region were listed to prepare a suitability map and optimally combine the income sources. In addition to determining the suitability of rangelands for multi-purpose usages (livestock grazing, apiculture, and medicinal plants), the optimal combination of income sources for representative gainers was determined using the Linear Mathematical Planning Model in LINDO software.  Moreover, the instructions proposed by Arzani et al (2008) were used to determine the suitability of exploitation, according to which all the relevant factors were identified and scored in each model, and finally, the suitability of different utilizations (livestock grazing, apiculture, and medicinal plants) was categorized in classes S1, S2, S3, and N based on the total obtained scores.

On the other hand, to determine the optimal patterns of income sources for representative beneficiaries, the beneficiaries were interviewed in-person to check the capacity of NGOs' income sources. Then, those income sources that could be operationalized in terms of NGOs were listed to prepare a suitability map and develop their optimal patterns. Then, the required information regarding each NGO was obtained through interviews and questionnaires, based on which, a number of representative beneficiaries were defined in terms of the amount of capital available for each NGO, and their optimal income sources' patterns were determined individually, followed by a comparison between the optimal patterns and the current ones. It should be noted that this study used a linear planning model, which is solved by LINDO software.
Results: the study's results indicated that 44.7% of the area was moderately suitable, 43.66% of the area was hardly suitable, and 11.54% of the area was not suitable for livestock grazing. Moreover, 14.23% of the area was very suitable, 49.38% of the area was moderately suitable, and 24.84% of the area was hardly suitable for apiculture. It was also found that 7.22%, 71.62%, and 9.6% were very, moderately, and hardly suitable for harvesting medicinal plants, respectively, and 11.5% of the region was not suitable for this purpose at all.
The best exploitation pattern for different plant types was determined according to the ecological potentials of the region by identifying the optimal pattern of income sources, the results of which suggested that the efficiency of the optimal patterns increased by 1.01%, 2.11%, 3.18%, and 30.25%, respectively, compared to the efficiency of the current pattern for the representative gainer 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Discussion and Conclusion: rangeland managers are required to manage and maintain the health of the rangeland's ecosystem, which is only possible when plant communities are used according to their suitable potential. The results of suitability studies showed that it was possible to reduce the number of livestock and restrict the use of medicinal plants and apiculture. Therefore, it could be argued that the knowledge concerning the suitability of multi-purpose usage and the economic desirability of any type of utilization could be applied in prioritizing the utilization and conservation of resources by identifying the utilization method as an alternative or complementary option. Therefore, this study determined the best utilization pattern for different plant types according to the ecological potentials of the region by identifying the optimal pattern of income sources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Optimal pattern
  • Linear planning
  • The suitability of rangeland
  • LINDO software