بررسی عوامل مؤثر در تخریب درختان بنه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک

نویسنده

کرمان مرکز تحقیقات و اموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک وآبخیزداری

10.22052/6.14.11

چکیده

درخت بنهاز بعد جاذبه‌های طبیعی، اکوتوریسم، حفظ آب‌ و خاک، کنترل سیل، تأمین علوفه دام‌های اهلی و وحشی، تولید بذر و صمغ، نقش بسیار مهمی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک ایفا می‌کند. در دهه‌های اخیر، عوامل متعددی باعث تخریب این ‌گونه شده است. یکی از عوامل اصلی تخریب جنگل‌های بنه، گرفتن پوست تنۀ آن‌ها توسط تشی (Histrix indica) است. شناخت عوامل مؤثر در شدت تخریب این آفت به‌منظور ارائۀ راهکارهای مناسب و علمی، امری ضروری و اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر در میزان تخریب پوست تنۀ این درخت توسط تشی و نقش آن در افزایش خطر انقراض این‌ گونۀ جنگلی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است. بدین منظور، پس از بررسی بنه‌زارهای تحت خطر که پوست تنۀ آن‌ها توسط تشی گرفته‌ شده است.  قطعه‌‌ای از جنگل‌ بنه به مساحت حدود 200 هکتار در منطقۀ چهارگنبد سیرجان انتخاب شد. در این قطعه، 50 اصله درخت بنه به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب شد و خسارت وارده توسط تشی به آن‌ها ارزیابی گردید. به‌منظور مقایسۀ میانگین‌ها از آزمون کمترین اختلاف معنی‌دار استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد سن درختان در میزان گرفتگی پوست تنۀ آن‌ها در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار است. میزان تخریب در درختان جوان 2/5 برابر بیش از درختان مسن است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors affecting pistachio tree destruction in arid and semi-arid regions

نویسنده [English]

  • Alijan Abkar
چکیده [English]

Pistachio trees (Pistacia) play combined roles in ecotourism, conservation of soil and water, flood control, forage production for domestic and wild animals and resin and seed production in arid and semi-arid areas. It is very important to protect this species but, in recent decades, several factors have caused damaged to these trees. One of the most important factors of Pistacia forest destruction is the stripping of bark from the trunks by Hystrix indica. Knowing the factors affecting the intensity of damage caused by this pest is necessary for providing proper and scientific solutions. The purpose of this study was to identifiy the most effective and important factors on damage to Pistacia bark and the role of Hystrix indica in the extinction of this species in arid and semi-arid areas. After investigating a critical Pistacia forest in which tree bark has been stripped by Hystrix indica, a 200 ha area of the Pistacia forest was selected in Chahar Gonbad of Sirjan. In this segment, 50 Pistacia trees were randomly selected and damage was evaluated. The least significant difference test was used to measure variation in the results. The results showed that the effect of the age of the trees on the stripping of the bark was significant at the 1% level. The destruction of young trees was 2.5-fold greater than on older trees.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • removing the trunk skin
  • Sirjan Chahar Gonbad
  • the Least Significant Difference test
  • trunk diameter
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