تحلیل چشم انداز نبکا در دشت نگار بردسیر

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان،

2 استادیار گروه جغرافیا و اکوتوریسم، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان، ایران

چکیده

گیاهان در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک با کاهش سرعت باد و تثبیت ماسه‌های روان، موجب شکل‌گیری ژئوسیستم نبکا می‌شوند که نقش مهمی را در بیابان‌زدایی و حفاظت از محیط‌زیست ایفا می‌کند. در نتیجه شناسایی گونه‌های گیاهی سازگار با شرایط محیطی در قالب تحلیل چشم‌انداز نبکا جهت تثبیت ماسه‌های روان از اهمیت بسزایی برخوردار است. لذا پژوهش حاضر سعی دارد با استفاده از مدل‌های TOPSIS و AHP به ارزیابی مقایسه‌ای کارایی نبکاهای دشت نگار بردسیر در برابر رسوبات بادی بپردازد تا بتوان به شناختی مطلوب جهت انتخاب مناسب‌ترین گونۀ گیاهی برای تثبیت ماسه‌های روان دست یافت. در این راستا ابتدا مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‌های مورفومتری 241 نبکا از گونه‌های گیاهی گز، اسکنبیل و خارشتر که شامل ارتفاع، قطر قاعده، شیب و حجم نبکا، و قطر تاج‌پوشش و ارتفاع گیاه می‌باشد، به روش طولی نمونه‌برداری میدانی شد. سپس با استفاده از مدل‌های TOPSIS و AHP مبادرت به ارزیابی مقایسه‌ای مؤلفه‌های ژئومورفومتری نبکا و اولویت‌بندی آن‌ها گردید. نتایج نشان داد که نبکای درختچۀ‌ گز و اسکنبیل به ترتیب با وزن‌های 0/676 و 0/269 در مدل AHP و امتیازهای 1 و 0/5 در نزدیکی نسبت به راه حل ایدئال مثبت در مدل TOPSIS دارای بالاترین ارجحیت در تثبیت ماسه‌های روان هستند. در مقابل نبکای گونه خارشتر با وزن‌ 0/053 در مدل AHP و نزدیکی نسبی صفر به راه حل ایدئال مثبت در مدل TOPSIS کمترین ارجحیت را دارد. به عبارت دیگر هر دو مدل، گونه‌های درختچۀ گز و اسکنبیل را به‌عنوان مناسب‌ترین و خارشتر را به‌عنوان گونۀ نامناسب معرفی می‌کند. لذا در مرحلۀ نخست توسعه ژئوسیستم نبکای گونۀ گز و سپس توسعۀ ژئوسیستم نبکای گونۀ اسنکبیل بهترین کارآیی را در تثبیت ماسه‌های روان دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Nebka landscape in Negar plain of Bardsir

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Pourkhosravani 1
  • Seyed Hojjat Mousavi 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

Plants, in arid and semi-arid regions, are leading to form the Nebka geosystem using the decrease of wind speed and the stabilization of quicksand, which they play an important role in desert greening and protection of the environment and natural resources. Therefore, identification of plant species adapted to the environmental conditions in format of Nebka efficiency assessment is very important for stabilizing the quicksand. Hence, this study tries to assess the Nebka efficiency in Negar plain of Bardsir using AHP and TOPSIS models comparatively, till we can be achieving an optimal recognition for the selection of the most suitable plant species to stabilize the quicksand. In this regard, at first the most important morphometric parameters of 241 Nebkas from Tamarix macatensis, Calligonum comosum and Alhagi mannifera species, including the height, base diameter, slope, and volume of Nebka and canopy cover and height of plant, were sampled via transect method. Then, Nebka morphometric parameters were assessed and prioritized using TOPSIS and AHP models. The results show that based on the AHP model, Tamarix mascatensis Nebka with the weight of 0.676, has the most importance and priority to the stabilization of sands. Also, Calligonum comosum with the weight of 0.269 has less importance than the Tamarix mascatensis and more importance than Alhagi mannifera. The results of TOPSIS model show that Tamarix mascatensis species, with relative proximity 1 to the ideal, have the highest priority in stabilizing the quicksand. Also Calligonum comosum species with relative proximity 0.5 to the ideal is the most preferable after Tamarix mascatensis species. However, according to the results of the two models, Tamarix mascatensis and Calligonum comosum species can be suggested as a suitable species for stabilizing the quicksand via the development of Nebka geosystem in the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nebka
  • Quicksand
  • Efficiency Assessment
  • TOPSIS
  • AHP
  • Negar Plain
1. Akbariyan, M., Biniaz, M., 2011. Evaluation of plant species used in wind erosion control (Case Study Jask city, Hormozgan province). Environmental Erosion Research Journal. 1(2): 29-42. 2. Ardon, K., Tsoar, H., Blumberg, D.G., 2009. Dynamics of Nebkhas superimposed on a parabolic dune and their effect on the dune dynamics, Journal of Arid Environments. 73: 1014–1022. 3. Badri, S.A., Roknoddin Eftekhari, A., 2003. Sustainability Assessment: Concept and Methode. Geographical Research, 18(2): 9-34. 4. Bing, L., Wenzhi, Z., Rong, Y., 2008. Characteristics and spatial heterogeneity of Tamarix Ramosisima Nebkhas in desert- Oasis Ecotones. Acta Ecologica Sinica Journal. 28(4): 1446-1455. 5. Brown, G., Porembski, S., 1997. The maintenance of species diversity by miniature dunes in a sanddepleted Haloxylon salicornicum community in Kuwait. J. Arid Environ. (37): 461-473. 6. Dougill, A.J., Thomas, A.D., 2002, Nebkha dunes in the Molopo Basin, south Africa and Botswana formation controls and their validity as indicators of soil degradation, Journal of arid Environment, 50: 413-424. 7. Durán, O., Moore, L.J., 2013. Vegetation controls on the maximum size of coastal dunes, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110(43): 17217–17222. 8. Fryrear, D.W., 1995. Soil losses by wind erosion, Soil Sicience. (59): 668-672. 9. He, Z., Li, Sh., Harazono, Y., 1997. Wind-Sandy Environment and the effects of Vegetation on Wind Breaking and Dune Fixation in Horqin Sandy Land, China. In Proceedings of Wind Erosion: An International Symposium/ Workshop. USDA Agricultural Research Service, Wind Erosion Laboratory, Manhattan, KS. 7 pp. http://www.weru.ksu.edu/ symposium/ proceedings/he.pdf (accessed 7/5/01). 10. Hosaini, S.M., 2003, Feasibility of creation non-governmental organizations to protect the environment and natural resources, Journal of Environmental Studies. (31): 105-114. 11. Imantalab, N., Mosleh Arani, A., Ekhtesasi, H., Sepahvand, A., 2013, Study of some environmental impacts of capparis decidua nebkha in Jask area, Environmental researches. 4(8): 131-138. 12. Jianhui, D., Ping, Y., Yuxiang, D., 2010. The progress and prospects of Nebkhas in arid areas, Journal of Geography Scince. 20 (5): 712-728. 13. Maghsoudi, M., Negahban, S., Bagheri said-Shokeri, S., Chezgheh, S., 2011. Comparative and Analysis of Nebkas Geomorphologic Features Four Plant Species in West of Lut (East of Shahdad - Takab Plain), Physical Geography Research Quartery. (79): 55-76. 14. Mandal, R.B., 1989. Systems of Rural Settlements in Developing Countries, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, India. Pp. 125-142. 15. Mosleh Arani, A., Azim Zadeh, H., Ekhtesasi, M., 2011, Investigation of dune plant application in measuring at least wind erosion, The Second National Confereance of Wind Erosion and Dust Storms, Yazd, Iran. 16. Mousavi, S.H., Moayeri, M., Vali, A.A., 2012. Selecting the Most Suitable Nebka Species Type for Quicksand Stabilization Using AHP Model (Case Study: Najjar Abad Erg, Northeast of Toroud). Journal of Environmental Studies. 38(61): 105-116. 17. Mousavi, S.H., Pourkhosravani, M., Mahmoodi Mohammad Abadi, T., 2010. Comparative grouping of Nebkas in the Eastern North of Sirjan Playa using TOPSIS algorithm, Journal of Arid Regions Geographics Studies. 1(1): 87-105. 18. Negahban, S., Yamani, M., Maqsoudi, M., Azizi, Gh., 2013, The survey of density, geomorphology and nebkhas height Zoning in Western edge of Lut plain. Journal of Quantitative Geomorphological Researches. (4): 17-42. 19. Opricovic, S., Tzeng, G.H., (2004), Compromise Solution by MCDM Methods: A Comparative Analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS, European Journal of Operational Research. (156): 445-455. 20. Pound, M., Barry, T., 2003. Managing Natural Resources for Sustainable Livelihoods: Uniting Science and Participation. Earthscan Publications Ltd., IDRC, Canada, Pp. 70-98. 21. Raafat Hassan El-W., Ahmad Rashed Al-R., Yousef Al-H., 2014. Conservation condition of Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss. In degraded desert habitats of northern Kuwait. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. 3(10): 310-325. 22. Refahi, H.Gh., 2010, Wind Erosion and Conservation, University of Tehran press., Tehran. Iran. 23. Saaty, T.L., 1994. Highlights and critical points in the theory and application of the analytical hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research. (74): 426-447. 24. Safaei Ghohnoueiyeh, A., Babakhani, S., Karim Zadeh, H., 2011, Introduction of plant species effective in controlling wind erosion. The Second National Confereance of Wind Erosion and Dust Storms, Yazd, Iran. 25. Shaniyan, A., Saa’di Nezhad, s., Dadash Zadeh, M., 2004. Application of multi-criteria decision making models to choose appropriate strategies for implementation of IT project. Iranian Journal of Construction Manager, 7(15): 102-116. 26. Taherkhani, M., 2007. Application of TOPSIS in Prioritizing the Locations for Establishing Rural Agro- based Industries. Quarterly Journal of The Economic Reseach (Sustainable Growth and Development) 7(3): 59-73. 27. Vali, A.A., Ghazavi, Gh.R., 2003, Study the relationship between the density of plant species and soil salinity in Korsyah playa in Darab. Desert. 8(2): 236-249. 28. Wang, X., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Hua, T., Lang, L., Zhang, X., Wang, L., 2010. Nebkha formation: Implications for reconstructing environmental changes over the past several centuries in the Ala Shan Plateau, China. Journal of Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. (297): 697–706. 29. Zhao, Y.J., Li, X.F., Xia, X.C., Wang, X.Y., 2011. C and N contents in organic matter of tamarix dune sedimentary veins and environmental change in Lop Nur region. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment. 25(4): 149-154.