مقایسۀ روش‌های مختلف برآورد تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل در مدل‌سازی جریان رودخانه با استفاده از مدل SWAT در حوزۀ آبخیز طالقان

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشگاه گرگان

3 دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

10.22052/6.15.115

چکیده

فرایند تبخیر و تعرق یک عنصر کلیدی در شبیه‌سازی هیدرولوژیکی تأمین آب، مدل‌های بارش‌ـ رواناب، محاسبات نفوذ و مدل‌های پیش‌بینی خشکسالی است. اخیراً معادلات بسیاری برای برآورد تبخیر و تعرق سالانه، ماهانه و روزانه در جهان به‌کار برده می‌شود. در این مطالعه، تبخیر وتعرق پتانسیل حوضۀ آبخیز طالقان توسط سه روش پریستلی‌ـ تیلور، پنمن‌ـ مانتیث و هارگریوز موجود در مدل SWAT تخمین زده شد. سپس تأثیر به‌کارگیری هریک از این روش‌ها بر شبیه‌سازی هیدرولوژیکی جریان خروجی حوزۀ آبخیز طالقان در دو دورۀ واسنجی (2003ـ۱۹۹۸) و اعتبارسنجی (2003ـ2005) با استفاده از آماره‌های ضریب تبیین (R2)، ریشۀ میانگین مربعات خطا (RMSE)، ضریب کارایی نش‌ـ ساتکلایف (NS) و شاخص اریبی (PBIAS) موردارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که حداکثر و حداقل مقادیر شبیه‌سازی‌شدۀ تبخیر و تعرق و درنتیجه، حداکثر و حداقل مقادیر دبی شبیه‌سازی‌شده به‌ترتیب مربوط به روش هارگریوز و روش پریستلی‌ـ‌تیلور بوده است. همچنین بررسی ضرایب ارزیابی نشان داد تفاوت چندانی بین سه روش وجود ندارد. نتیجۀ آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه نیز مؤید عدم اختلاف معنی‌دار در سطح اعتماد 99 درصد در میانگین دبی ماهانه بین سه روش مذکور است. سایر نتایج نشان داد در دورۀ اعتبارسنجی روش پنمن‌ـ مانتیث نتایج بهتری را نسبت‌به دو روش دیگر ارائه کرده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation Methods in Stream flow Modelling Using SWAT in Taleghan Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • ataollah kavian 1
  • Marzieh Bahrami 2
  • Hamed Rouhani 3
1
2
3
چکیده [English]

Evapotranspiration process is a key element in hydrological simulation of water supply, rainfall-runoff models, infiltration calculations and drought prediction models. Recently, several equations were used for estimating annual, monthly and daily evapotranspiration in the world. In this study, the potential evapotranspiration of Taleghan watershed was estimated by three methods in the SWAT model including Priestley Taylor, Penman-Montieth and Hargreaves methods. The influence of applying these methods were evaluated on simulated streamflow of the Taleghan watershed in the calibration (1998 - 2003) and validation (2003 - 2005) periods, using determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe performance coefficient (NS) and skew index (PBIAS). Results revealed that the maximum and minimum values of simulated evapotranspiration and consequently, simulated runoff were related to the Hargreaves and Priestley Taylor methods, respectively. Moreover, investigation of statistic coefficients showed that there is no much difference among the three methods. Results of ANOVA also confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference at the 99% level among the simulated mean monthly flow using the three methods. In conclusion, the Hargreaves method provided better results than the two other methods during calibration and validation periods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evapotranspiration
  • Streamflow
  • Simulation
  • SWAT
  • Taleghan watershed
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