ارزیابی و پهنه‌بندی خطر بیابان‌زایی دشت بسطاق خراسان جنوبی با تأکید بر معیارهای کلیدی آب و خاک

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشگاه شیراز

3 دانشگاه ایلام

4 دانشگاه سمنان

10.22052/6.15.59

چکیده

امروزه تخریب منابع آب و خاک از فاکتورهای مهم بیابان‌زایی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است که بر اثر عدم مدیریت و اقدامات ناشایست انسان صورت می‌گیرد. اقدامات اجرایی درخصوص کنترل بیابان‌زایی، باید متکی بر شناخت وضعیت فعلی خطر بیابانی شدن و شدت آن باشد. در پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور ارزیابی و پهنه‌بندی شدت خطر بیابان‌زایی دشت بسطاق در خراسان جنوبی، از دو معیار کلیدی آب و خاک در قالب مدل IMDPA بهره گرفته شد. بدین منظور، شاخص‌های این دو معیار امتیازدهی شد، معیارها از میانگین هندسی شاخص‌ها و نقشۀ بیابان‌زایی کل نیز از میانگین هندسی دو معیار در نرم‌افزار Arc GIS 10.2 به‌دست آمد. نتایج حاصل از این ارزیابی نشان داد که از نظر معیار آب، شاخص هدایت الکتریکی با متوسط هندسی 3/33 و از نظر معیار خاک، شاخص سنگریزۀ سطحی با میانگین هندسی 2/96 مهم‌ترین شاخص‌ها در افزایش بیابان‌زایی منطقه هستند. همچنین نتایج پهنه ‏بندی بیابان‏زایی کل نیز نشان داد که 29/96 درصد از منطقه ( 74/22111 هکتار) در کلاس متوسط خطر بیابان‏زایی و 3/7 درصد از منطقه ( 849/63 هکتار) در کلاس خطر بیابان‏زایی شدید قرار دارد. به‌طور کلی، دشت بسطاق با میانگین ارزش هندسی بیابان‏زایی 2/13 در کلاس خطر متوسط بیابان‏زایی قرار دارد که برای جلوگیری از توسعۀ بیابان‏زایی در این منطقه و کاهش اثرات مخرب آن، باید اقدامات مدیریتی مناسبی در دشت بسطاق اجرا شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Risk Assessment and Mapping of Desertification in Bostaq Plain, Southern Khorasan with Emphasis on the Key Criteria of Soil and Water

نویسندگان [English]

  • atefeh fatahi
  • kamran karimi 1
  • bijan azad 2
  • negae eyni 3
  • harir sohrabi 4
1
2
3
4
چکیده [English]

Today, degradation of soil and water resources are the most important factors of desertification in arid and semi-arid areas as a result of mismanagement and improper human behavior. Enforcement measures in relation to desertification control have to be based on knowledge of the current state of desertification risk and its severity. In the present study, to evaluate the risk and severity of desertification in Bostaq Plain in Southern Khorasan Province, two key criteria of water and soil were used in the IMDPA model, each having four indices. To this end, indices were scored and then averaged (geometric mean) to form the final desertification map in Arc GIS 10.2. Results of the study showed that in terms of water criteria, electric conductivity (EC) with geometric mean of 3.33 and in terms of soil, surface stone cover with mean of 2.69 were the critical desertification indices in the region. Total desertification status could be further divided into two classes of 96.29% (22111.74 ha) as medium and 3.7% (849.63 ha) as severe. Generally, Bostaq Plain with geometric mean of 2.13 was in the medium desertification class and is due to protection and development of desertification management strategies which can reduce the effects of desertification and should be implemented in managerial practices in the Bostaq plain.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • desertification model
  • risk zoning
  • criteria and indices
  • Bostaq Plain
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