دانشگاه کاشانمهندسی اکوسیستم بیابان2538-63369شماره 5انگلیسی20200822Assessment of Surface Water Quality in the Vanak-Soolegan Basin, Western IranAssessment of Surface Water Quality in the Vanak-Soolegan Basin, Western Iran101114072FAریحانه الساداتموسوی مجردPhD graduated student of irrigation and drainage Eng.مجتبیسلیمانی ساردوAssistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroftمحمدرضانوری امامزاده ایAssociate Professor, Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord UniversityJournal Article20200630As monitoring and assessment of water quality are assumed as important factors in the improvement of the communities’ sanitary status the in 21<sup>st</sup> century, optimal management of freshwater resources should be taken as an integral part of d. evelopment programs worldwide. The main objective of the current study was, therefore, to assess the characteristics of surface water quality in the Vanak-Soolegan basin and to identify its long-term trend of variations, using graphical methods. To this end, the required data were collected from three hydrometric stations (Soolegan, Tagarg-ab, and Tange Zardaloo). Then, for a better understanding of water quality, the data were analyzed based on 11 different parameters including Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Acidity (pH), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Bicarbonate (Hco3), Carbonate (Co3), Chlorine (CL) and Sulphate (So4). Assessment of water quality was also performed by drawing Schoeller, Piper and Wilcox diagrams. As revealed by the Piper diagram, the dominant water type was calcium-bicarbonate. The results of the Schoeller-diagram demonstration showed that the water samples fell in potable and acceptable class and that based on the Wilcox Diagram, the majority of samples were classified into low salinity class (c2s1) which is suitable for farming. Moreover, the trend analysis of selected parameters was performed via the Mann–Kendall test on a 18-year period (from 1995 to 2012). The results indicated a positive trend in Ec, T.D.S, Ca, K, and So4 at the Soolegan and Tagarg-ab stations. In general, it seems that several factors are involved in water quality changes including the weathering of the hard rocks, lithology, drought, and increase in water consumption.As monitoring and assessment of water quality are assumed as important factors in the improvement of the communities’ sanitary status the in 21<sup>st</sup> century, optimal management of freshwater resources should be taken as an integral part of d. evelopment programs worldwide. The main objective of the current study was, therefore, to assess the characteristics of surface water quality in the Vanak-Soolegan basin and to identify its long-term trend of variations, using graphical methods. To this end, the required data were collected from three hydrometric stations (Soolegan, Tagarg-ab, and Tange Zardaloo). Then, for a better understanding of water quality, the data were analyzed based on 11 different parameters including Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Acidity (pH), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Bicarbonate (Hco3), Carbonate (Co3), Chlorine (CL) and Sulphate (So4). Assessment of water quality was also performed by drawing Schoeller, Piper and Wilcox diagrams. As revealed by the Piper diagram, the dominant water type was calcium-bicarbonate. The results of the Schoeller-diagram demonstration showed that the water samples fell in potable and acceptable class and that based on the Wilcox Diagram, the majority of samples were classified into low salinity class (c2s1) which is suitable for farming. Moreover, the trend analysis of selected parameters was performed via the Mann–Kendall test on a 18-year period (from 1995 to 2012). The results indicated a positive trend in Ec, T.D.S, Ca, K, and So4 at the Soolegan and Tagarg-ab stations. In general, it seems that several factors are involved in water quality changes including the weathering of the hard rocks, lithology, drought, and increase in water consumption.https://deej.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114072_964d3cc864d19059212e0fb0439eacbb.pdfدانشگاه کاشانمهندسی اکوسیستم بیابان2538-63369شماره 5انگلیسی20200822Depositional pattern of sediments in a dry-lake Playa in NE Iran; Implication for geomorphologic characteristicsDepositional pattern of sediments in a dry-lake Playa in NE Iran; Implication for geomorphologic characteristics2411114073FAملیحهپورعلیLecturer of Physical Geography, Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranعادلسپهرDepartment of Desert and Arid Zones Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.mashhad.Iranمحمدحسینمحمودی قراییDepartment of Geology
Faculty of Sciences
Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad (FUM). Mashhad.IranJournal Article20200711The depositional pattern of dry lake playa sediments in NE Iran was studied to characterize the surface morphology of the playa based on sediment mineralogy. About 12 topo-soil samples were excavated by hand auger. All topo-soils were collected in three landforms of firm-puffy ground, clay-carbonate crusts, and halite dominated saltpans, to be examined for mineralogy by XRD analysis and physicochemical properties in the lab. XRF analysis performed to define the major oxides of the sediments. Quartz and calcite were the main minerals over the playa. Also, halite and gypsum were the major minerals categorized in the sediments indicating the dominant evaporate process in the area. Based on the results, a high concentration of EC (>48 dS/m) was observed in the mid-southern and southern part of the playa. Besides, the high concentrations of CCE (>27 %) and pH (>9) were observed in the eastern and the western playa, verifying the primary detection of the playa’s three major geomorphologic landforms in the fieldwork. A recent depositional pattern of carbonates and chloride formed from eastern to the western parts of the playa, respectively. Nevertheless, central playa shows the areas with the main minerals of calcite and halite. The existence of evaporate minerals depends on a cycle of the wet and dried lake during the Holocene.The depositional pattern of dry lake playa sediments in NE Iran was studied to characterize the surface morphology of the playa based on sediment mineralogy. About 12 topo-soil samples were excavated by hand auger. All topo-soils were collected in three landforms of firm-puffy ground, clay-carbonate crusts, and halite dominated saltpans, to be examined for mineralogy by XRD analysis and physicochemical properties in the lab. XRF analysis performed to define the major oxides of the sediments. Quartz and calcite were the main minerals over the playa. Also, halite and gypsum were the major minerals categorized in the sediments indicating the dominant evaporate process in the area. Based on the results, a high concentration of EC (>48 dS/m) was observed in the mid-southern and southern part of the playa. Besides, the high concentrations of CCE (>27 %) and pH (>9) were observed in the eastern and the western playa, verifying the primary detection of the playa’s three major geomorphologic landforms in the fieldwork. A recent depositional pattern of carbonates and chloride formed from eastern to the western parts of the playa, respectively. Nevertheless, central playa shows the areas with the main minerals of calcite and halite. The existence of evaporate minerals depends on a cycle of the wet and dried lake during the Holocene.https://deej.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114073_2476ce56d258c45c70a8beaf2f75c057.pdfدانشگاه کاشانمهندسی اکوسیستم بیابان2538-63369شماره 5انگلیسی20200822Simulating the Effect of Climate Change on Soil Erosion Risk in Two Regions, Tal Siah and Anar Sheitan Forest (Kerman Province, Iran)Simulating the Effect of Climate Change on Soil Erosion Risk in Two Regions, Tal Siah and Anar Sheitan Forest (Kerman Province, Iran)4025114074FAسعیدبرخوریAssistant professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.آرزوشریفیPh.D. Student in Soil Physics and Conservation, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, IranحسیناسدیDepartmment of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Karaj Iranمریمنصاب پور ملاییForest and watershed management of Southeastern Kerman Province, Iranجابرصالح پورDepartment of water engineering, University of Guilan, IranJournal Article20200526Soil erosion is an important environmental problem worldwide. Climate change can affect soil erosion by changing the rainfall pattern; hence, it is essential to assess climate change and its effect on soil erosion in different regions. This study aimed to predict the effect of climate change on soil erosion risk using the RUSLE model in Anar Sheitan forest and Tal Siah area in Jiroft region. For this purpose, meteorological station data, remote sensing images, and GIS techniques were used to prepare the necessary model inputs. Three climate change scenarios, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, were simulated in three 2006-2025, 2046-2065, and 2080-2099 periods. The rainfall erosivity factor was estimated for these periods in order to assess the impact of climate change on soil erosion risk using existing meteorological data. Other factors of the RUSLE model were considered constant, and soil erosion risk was calculated for each scenario in each period using the ArcGIS software. The analysis of results under RCP8.5 scenario during 2006-2025 period and RCP8.5 scenario during 2080-2099 period indicated that the average soil erosion risk dropped from 0.8 to 1.2 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> in Anar Sheitan forest, reflecting an surge of 0.4 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>year<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, soil erosion risk spiked from 0.23 to 0.35 ton ha<sup>-1 </sup>year<sup>-1</sup> in Tal Siah, suggesting a surge of 0.1 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>year<sup>-1</sup>. Overall, the results suggest that the soil loss will be higher in the future, which may be partly prevented by watershed management and soil conservation practices.Soil erosion is an important environmental problem worldwide. Climate change can affect soil erosion by changing the rainfall pattern; hence, it is essential to assess climate change and its effect on soil erosion in different regions. This study aimed to predict the effect of climate change on soil erosion risk using the RUSLE model in Anar Sheitan forest and Tal Siah area in Jiroft region. For this purpose, meteorological station data, remote sensing images, and GIS techniques were used to prepare the necessary model inputs. Three climate change scenarios, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, were simulated in three 2006-2025, 2046-2065, and 2080-2099 periods. The rainfall erosivity factor was estimated for these periods in order to assess the impact of climate change on soil erosion risk using existing meteorological data. Other factors of the RUSLE model were considered constant, and soil erosion risk was calculated for each scenario in each period using the ArcGIS software. The analysis of results under RCP8.5 scenario during 2006-2025 period and RCP8.5 scenario during 2080-2099 period indicated that the average soil erosion risk dropped from 0.8 to 1.2 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> in Anar Sheitan forest, reflecting an surge of 0.4 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>year<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, soil erosion risk spiked from 0.23 to 0.35 ton ha<sup>-1 </sup>year<sup>-1</sup> in Tal Siah, suggesting a surge of 0.1 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>year<sup>-1</sup>. Overall, the results suggest that the soil loss will be higher in the future, which may be partly prevented by watershed management and soil conservation practices.https://deej.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114074_031ac63f35b3c6125da37c133f300edc.pdfدانشگاه کاشانمهندسی اکوسیستم بیابان2538-63369شماره 5انگلیسی20200822Impact of the magnetic treatment on some of the unconventional waters’ propertiesImpact of the magnetic treatment on some of the unconventional waters’ properties5241114075FAسیامکدخانیDepartment of range & watershed management, faculty of natural resources & Earth sciences, University of KashanJournal Article20200606Continued population growth and declining trend of the annual rainfall across the world justified concerns about future access to drinking and agricultural water resources. In response, many researchers have raised the idea of using treated unconventional waters as a solution to water shortage, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. It has been proven that magnetic fields can affect the structure of mineral compounds and alter some of their properties. The majority of past studies on the use of magnetic fields for water treatment have tested the effect of weak magnetic fields with peak strength of 0.50 T on a single type of unconventional water. The present study was conducted by exposing several types of unconventional water including saline water, acidic water, alkaline water, and waste water to magnetic fields of 0.75 and 1.0 T. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test. The results showed a significant effect of the 0.75T magnetic field on the pH of waste water, saline water (TDS=4000mg/l) and saline water (TDS=9000mg/l) treatment groups and a significant impact of the 1.0T magnetic field on the pH of acidic water (pH=6) and alkaline water (pH=8) treatment groups. Magnetic treatment increased the pH of all tested unconventional waters except the alkaline ones. Both magnetic fields reduced the EC of saline water, but the 0.75T field was more effective in this respect. The 0.75T magnetic field can be used to treat acidic waters so as to reach a greater level of neutrality. The acidity of other unconventional waters can also be altered in the same way, but not as favorably. Exposure to magnetic fields reduced the electrical conductivity of saline waters, but increasing the strength of the magnetic field to 1.0 T did not lead to a higher salinity reduction. The results indicate that magnetic fields can indeed improve the quality of unconventional waters by significantly altering some of their properties.<br /> Continued population growth and declining trend of the annual rainfall across the world justified concerns about future access to drinking and agricultural water resources. In response, many researchers have raised the idea of using treated unconventional waters as a solution to water shortage, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. It has been proven that magnetic fields can affect the structure of mineral compounds and alter some of their properties. The majority of past studies on the use of magnetic fields for water treatment have tested the effect of weak magnetic fields with peak strength of 0.50 T on a single type of unconventional water. The present study was conducted by exposing several types of unconventional water including saline water, acidic water, alkaline water, and waste water to magnetic fields of 0.75 and 1.0 T. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test. The results showed a significant effect of the 0.75T magnetic field on the pH of waste water, saline water (TDS=4000mg/l) and saline water (TDS=9000mg/l) treatment groups and a significant impact of the 1.0T magnetic field on the pH of acidic water (pH=6) and alkaline water (pH=8) treatment groups. Magnetic treatment increased the pH of all tested unconventional waters except the alkaline ones. Both magnetic fields reduced the EC of saline water, but the 0.75T field was more effective in this respect. The 0.75T magnetic field can be used to treat acidic waters so as to reach a greater level of neutrality. The acidity of other unconventional waters can also be altered in the same way, but not as favorably. Exposure to magnetic fields reduced the electrical conductivity of saline waters, but increasing the strength of the magnetic field to 1.0 T did not lead to a higher salinity reduction. The results indicate that magnetic fields can indeed improve the quality of unconventional waters by significantly altering some of their properties.<br /> https://deej.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114075_30d951332893ff42deb645697ba1440e.pdf